In 1752, British physician Sir John Pringle advocated for adequate ventilation in military barracks and the provision of latrines for soldiers in his publication, Observations on the Diseases of the Army in Camp and Garrison, promoting health matters to the broader public.

James Lind's findings on the causes of scurvy among sailors and its mitigation through fruit consumption during long voyages were published, leading to the Royal Navy's adoption of this practice.

Thomas Malthus warned of the dangers of overpopulation, influencing government circles in the early 19th century, along with Jeremy Bentham.

Following Edward Jenner's pioneering work, the practice of vaccination began, marking a significant advancement in disease prevention.

Edwin Chadwick chaired the Health of Towns Commission, which was established in 1843 and produced reports on poor and unsanitary conditions in British cities.

The Health of Towns Association was formed at Exeter Hall London, campaigning for the development of public health in the United Kingdom.

James Newlands designed the world's first integrated sewerage system in Liverpool, championed by the Borough of Liverpool Health of Towns Committee following the passing of the 1846 Liverpool Sanatory Act.

The Public Health Act aimed to improve sanitary conditions in towns and populous places in England and Wales by centralizing the supply of water, sewerage, drainage, cleansing, and paving under a single local body with the General Board of Health as a central authority. The Act was passed by the Liberal government of Lord John Russell, in response to the urging of Edwin Chadwick.

John Snow identified a polluted public water well as the source of an 1854 cholera outbreak in London, founding the science of epidemiology.

Joseph Bazalgette created London's sewerage system, contributing to improved public health and sanitation in the city.

The first public health organization based on a state health department and local boards of health was founded in New York City.

Legislation required a comprehensive system of registration run by appointed vaccination officers.

Further interventions were made by a series of subsequent Public Health Acts, notably the 1875 Act. Reforms included the building of sewers, the regular collection of garbage followed by incineration or disposal in a landfill, the provision of clean water and the draining of standing water to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes.

The Infectious Disease (Notification) Act mandated the reporting of infectious diseases to the local sanitary authority, enabling measures such as hospital removal and disinfection of properties.

Hollingsworth, J. Rogers, Jerald Hage, and Robert Hanneman wrote State intervention in medical care: consequences for Britain, France, Sweden, and the United States, 1890-1970.

Massachusetts developed public health programs, leading the states in public health initiatives.

A $25,000 donation from businessman Samuel Zemurray instituted the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine at Tulane University.

Tulane University conferred its first doctor of public health degree.

The Welch-Rose Report, authored by William Welch and Wickliffe Rose, led to the establishment of schools of public health supported by the Rockefeller Foundation.

The Yale School of Public Health was founded by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow.

The Rockefeller Foundation's decision to support the establishment of schools of public health created a schism between public health and medicine, legitimizing the rift between medicine's laboratory investigation of the mechanisms of disease and public health's nonclinical concern with environmental and social influences on health and wellness.

The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health was founded, becoming an independent institution for research and training in public health.

Schools of public health were established at Columbia and Harvard, following the Hopkins model.

Harris, James Jeffrey wrote Body Politics: A History of Public Health and Politics in Britain, 1885-1922.

The Cuban government has devoted extensive resources to improving health conditions for its entire population via universal access to health care since the 1959 Cuban Revolution.

Public health spending in the United States tended to grow, based on increasing expenditures by state and local government, which made up 80–90% of total public health spending.

Ruth Huenemann became a pioneer in the study of childhood obesity, studying the diet and exercise habits of Berkeley teenagers.

69% of American students enrolled in public health schools had only a bachelor's degree.

Total health aid from developed countries increased from $5.5 billion to $26.87 billion.

There were twenty nine schools of public health in the US, enrolling around fifteen thousand students.

Public health spending in support of public health in the United States peaked.

Health aid from the OECD amounted to $12.47 billion which amounted to 11.4% of its total bilateral aid.

Antibiotic resistance, also known as drug resistance, was the theme of World Health Day.

A study suggests that 1 billion dollars in health aid was associated with 364,000 fewer deaths occurring between ages 0 and 5.

The United Nations hosted its first General Assembly Special Summit on the issue of non-communicable diseases.

A U.S. Institute of Medicine panel warned that the United States spends disproportionately far more on clinical care than it does on public health.

The WHO's latest estimates highlighted that globally approximately 1.9 billion adults were overweight and 41 million children under the age of five were overweight.

A study suggests that a potential confounding variable for this outcome is the possibility that aid was directed at countries once they were already on track for improvement.

About 3% of government health spending was directed to public health and prevention.

In the United States, the federal government spent approximately $10,600 USD per capita on health care.

In late 2020, the health sector accounted for more than 21 million employment in the European Union when combined with social work.

Carney, Jan Kirk wrote A History of Public Health: From Past to Present.

The United Nations have developed the Sustainable Development Goals to be completed.